Small Animal Topic

Anal Sac Tumors in Dogs

...hypercalcemia and presence of lymph node involvement. Surgical removal of these nodes can produce long-term relief of constipation. Some animals have had multiple surgeries to remove recurrent lymph nodes to...
Small Animal Topic

Perineal Hernias

Perineal hernias result from weakening or complete failure of the muscular diaphragm of the pelvis. There are multiple muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm, which work together for rectal...
Small Animal Topic

Mammary Tumors

...character of all the mammary masses and assess local lymph node enlargement. Other procedures are performed to stage the cancer (determine what type it is and where it is located...
Small Animal Topic

Bone Tumors in Cats and Dogs

...grade (i.e., osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma), whether the surgical margins are free of tumor cells (for limb-sparing surgery), and whether the tumor has spread to a regional lymph node. Figure 5...
Small Animal Topic

Mast Cell Tumors

...analysis of the tumor has been performed. The tumor is removed and submitted for histopathology. Metastasis (spread of tumor cells) occurs first at the local lymph nodes and then potentially...
Small Animal Topic

Lung Lobe Tumors

...longer when the tumor is smaller or located on the periphery of the lung lobe (15–17.5 months), when the lymph nodes are small (20 months) and when the tumor can...
Small Animal Topic

Castration

...rectal tissue bloody stool irritation of the rectal area Once your pet has been diagnosed with a suspected testicular or epididymal disease process, your primary care veterinarian may recommend a...
Large Animal Topic

Colic in Horses

...may include: Recent travel, changes in feed or routine, medications, other episodes of colic, deworming/vaccination schedule Physical examination may include: Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, listening for presence or...