Small Animal Topic

Mast Cell Tumors

...analysis of the tumor has been performed. The tumor is removed and submitted for histopathology. Metastasis (spread of tumor cells) occurs first at the local lymph nodes and then potentially...
Small Animal Topic

Fractured Limbs

...lungs), hemorrhage around the lungs, and air around the lungs cause by a tear in the lung. All of these conditions can be very critical injuries and may delay the...
Large Animal Topic

Rib Fractures in Foals

...formation, break in the rib contour, or clicking of fracture ends Chest ultrasound can be the most useful method to assess the ribs, lungs, heart, and chest cavity to assess...
Small Animal Topic

Mandibular Fractures

...of the body before focusing on the mandible. Thoracic (chest) injuries often occur concomitantly and may manifest as pulmonary contusions (bruising of the lungs), pneumothorax (punctured lung), diaphragmatic hernia, and...
Large Animal Topic

Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate

...the lungs (Figure 1). During exercise the soft palate moves down and the airway opens up to maximize the amount of room for air to pass into the lungs. Importantly,...
Large Animal Topic

Laryngeal Hemiplegia in Horses

...arytenoid cartilage. Laryngeal hemiplegia is a disease that affects the upper airway in horses. It causes a decrease in airflow to the lungs and can cause exercise intolerance. Horses with...
Small Animal Topic

Laryngeal Paralysis

...aspiration of regurgitated stomach contents into the lungs resulting in mild to severe pneumonia Families often describe their pet as “getting older and slowing down” and attribute this as simply...
Small Animal Topic

Brachycephalic Syndrome

...of air into the lungs. Stenotic Nares (Figure 3a) are malformed nostrils that are narrow or collapse inward during inhalation, making it difficult for the dog to breathe through its...
Small Animal Topic

Hip Luxation

...and orthopedic evaluation should be performed due to the possibility of concurrent trauma. The force required to produce hip luxation can also damage the urinary system, lungs, heart, or other...