Small Animal Topic

Mammary Tumors

...time of tumor removal in preventing the development of new mammary tumors, or influencing the aggressiveness or metastatic potential of existing mammary tumors. However spaying at the time of mammary...
Small Animal Topic

Anal Sac Tumors in Dogs

...hypercalcemia and presence of lymph node involvement. Surgical removal of these nodes can produce long-term relief of constipation. Some animals have had multiple surgeries to remove recurrent lymph nodes to...
Small Animal Topic

Castration

...nausea pain anorexia weight loss vomiting diarrhea hair loss mammary gland enlargement bone marrow suppression sexual attraction by other male dogs Clinical signs for testicular hypoplasia/atrophy will typically be absent...
Large Animal Topic

Cesarean Section in Cattle

...Presence of a dead fetus A complete physical examination should be performed that includes an assessment of the cow’s heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature. Mammary glands should be checked...
Small Animal Topic

Bone Tumors in Cats and Dogs

...grade (i.e., osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma), whether the surgical margins are free of tumor cells (for limb-sparing surgery), and whether the tumor has spread to a regional lymph node. Figure 5...
Small Animal Topic

Mast Cell Tumors

...analysis of the tumor has been performed. The tumor is removed and submitted for histopathology. Metastasis (spread of tumor cells) occurs first at the local lymph nodes and then potentially...
Small Animal Topic

Lung Lobe Tumors

...longer when the tumor is smaller or located on the periphery of the lung lobe (15–17.5 months), when the lymph nodes are small (20 months) and when the tumor can...
Small Animal Topic

Ovariohysterectomy

...of mammary (breast) cancer 200 times less likely if ovariohysterectomy performed before the first estrus (heat cycle) Eliminates chance of developing a pyometra (infection of the uterus) Eradicates unwanted estrous...
Small Animal Topic

Chylothorax

...material into an intestinal lymphatic vessel or lymph node to allow for the delineation of TD anatomy and confirm TDL after surgery (lymphangiography, Figure 2). Another technique that has shown...