Small Animal Topic

Nasopharyngeal Polyps

...traction +/- ventral bulla osteotomy but are usually temporary. These include: Horners’s syndrome (see figure 8) Balance problems Head tilt Figure 8. Horner’s syndrome in a cat after ventral bulla...
Small Animal Topic

Anal Sac Tumors in Dogs

...hypercalcemia and presence of lymph node involvement. Surgical removal of these nodes can produce long-term relief of constipation. Some animals have had multiple surgeries to remove recurrent lymph nodes to...
Small Animal Topic

Mammary Tumors

...character of all the mammary masses and assess local lymph node enlargement. Other procedures are performed to stage the cancer (determine what type it is and where it is located...
Small Animal Topic

Otitis Externa

...(black arrow) is separated from the ear canal by the ear drum or “tympanic membrane”. This bony sac, or bulla, contains the openings to the inner ear where the hearing...
Small Animal Topic

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

...the chest cavity (Figure 1). Bullae and blebs are most commonly found in dogs with no concurrent lung disease and is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax. Bullae and...
Small Animal Topic

Bone Tumors in Cats and Dogs

...grade (i.e., osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma), whether the surgical margins are free of tumor cells (for limb-sparing surgery), and whether the tumor has spread to a regional lymph node. Figure 5...
Small Animal Topic

Mast Cell Tumors

...analysis of the tumor has been performed. The tumor is removed and submitted for histopathology. Metastasis (spread of tumor cells) occurs first at the local lymph nodes and then potentially...